RESUMO
Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre os cuidados de saúde em relação à criança indígena da etnia Tembé, para acompanhamento do seu crescimento e do seu desenvolvimento. Método estudo teórico-reflexivo, baseado nas experiências dos autores e ancorado na literatura sobre a cultura Tembé e na atenção à saúde de povos indígenas. Resultados estudos sobre etnia e sobre cultura são pontos de partida para produzir apontamentos sobre cuidados técnicos em relação à criança, a partir dos já realizados pelas mulheres Tembé. O cuidado fundamentado em questões étnicas sinaliza uma dinâmica cultural e é colocado, nas políticas de saúde e em seus processos, como primordial para direcionar instrumentos, tecnologias e ações de equipes multidisciplinares, sendo pertinente a participação de indígenas e/ou de profissionais de saúde indígenas no seu desenvolvimento. Conclusões e Implicações para a prática a equidade na atenção à saúde da criança indígena Tembé requer o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aparelhos específicos, que considerem as particularidades, seu bem viver e sua cosmologia. Há necessidade de aproximação, aprofundamento e respeito à especificidade desta etnia. Ao ponderar sobre o cuidado à saúde da criança Tembé, é possível compreender divergências e convergências de conteúdo dos manuais do Ministério da Saúde.
Resumen Objetivo reflexionar sobre la atención a la salud del niño indígena de la etnia Tembé, para el seguimiento de su crecimiento y desarrollo. Método estudio teórico-reflexivo, basado en las experiencias de los autores y anclado en la literatura sobre la cultura Tembé y la atención a la salud de los pueblos indígenas. Resultados los estudios sobre etnicidad y cultura son puntos de partida para producir apuntes sobre cuidados técnicos en relación al niño, basados en los ya realizados por las mujeres Tembé. La atención basada en cuestiones étnicas señala dinámicas culturales y se coloca, en las políticas de salud y en sus procesos, como primordial para dirigir instrumentos, tecnologías y acciones de equipos multidisciplinarios, siendo pertinente la participación de indígenas y/o profesionales de salud indígenas en su desarrollo. Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica la equidad en la atención al niño Tembé requiere el desarrollo de procedimientos y aparatos específicos, que consideren las particularidades, su buen vivir y su cosmología. Hay necesidad de acercamiento, profundización y respeto a la especificidad de esta etnia. Al reflexionar sobre el cuidado de la salud del niño Tembé, se permite entender divergencias y convergencias de contenidos de los manuales del Ministerio de Salud.
Abstract Objective to reflect on health care for the indigenous child of the Tembé ethnicity, to monitor their growth and development. Method theoretical-reflexive study, based on the authors' experiences and anchored in the literature on Tembé culture and health care for indigenous peoples. Results studies about ethnicity and culture are starting points to produce notes about technical care in relation to the child, based on those already performed by Tembé women. The care based on ethnic issues signals cultural dynamics and is placed, in health policies and in their processes, as primordial to direct instruments, technologies and actions of multidisciplinary teams, with the pertinent participation of indigenous people and/or indigenous health professionals in their development. Conclusions and Implications for Practice Equity in health care for the Tembé indigenous child requires the development of specific procedures and devices that consider their particularities, well-being, and cosmology. There is a need for approaching, deepening, and respecting the specificity of this ethnic group. By reflecting on the health care of Tembé children, it becomes possible to understand divergences and convergences with the content of the Ministry of Health manuals.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Cuidado da Criança , Atenção à Saúde , Equidade em SaúdeRESUMO
This study was carried out to investigate the frequency of genetic variants related to body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluating the potential impact of risk alleles on susceptibility to these disorders in six indigenous peoples from Brazilian Amazon region. The majority of Fst values for pairwise population comparisons among the indigenous groups are low or moderate. The indigenous people show high values of differentiation with Africans, Europeans and Southeast Asians and moderate values with East Asian and American populations, as expected. The allelic frequencies among indigenous indicate that the majority of associations observed with T2D in continental populations can be replicated in native Amazonians. The genetic risk scores calculated for T2D in indigenous are high and similar to those calculated for Americans and East Asians, while the estimates obtained for obesity are low, probably due to the low frequencies of the risk allele of the FTO gene found in our samples. ADRB3-rs4994 and ABCC8-rs1799854 genes showed a significant association with BMI and waist circumference, and the KCNJ11-rs5219 gene with hyperglycemia. These results emphasize the importance of knowing the genetic variability underlying complex genetic diseases in indigenous peoples and the search for particular or rare variants.
RESUMO
HTLV-1/2 infection is endemic in Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Its origin is attributed to the migratory flow of Amerindian ancestral peoples. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 3350 Indigenous people belonging to 15 communities were investigated. The investigation was performed using serological (ELISA), molecular (qPCR) and confirmatory (Western blot and/or Inno-Lia) tests to detect and differentiate the infection. The seroprevalence was 8.3% for HTLV-1/2 infection, with 0.1% of individuals seropositive for HTLV-1 and 8.1% for HTLV-2. The prevalence of infection was statistically higher in women (10.1%) than in men (6.5%) (p = 0.0002). This female predominance was observed in all age groups; in females the prevalence was significant from 41 years old (p < 0.0001) and in males from 51 years old (p < 0.0001). Here, we present a prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. The endemic infection in these groups must reflect the different epidemiological profiles observed in these peoples, such as sexual transmission through rejection of condom use, breastfeeding, especially in cases of cross-breastfeeding, and the high rate of pregnancy in the villages.
